La seguridad en puertos marítimos constituye uno de los grandes desafíos por el tránsito permanente tanto de personas como de mercancías en una zona abierta como esta. Y no cualquier cantidad. A través de estos corre buena parte del intercambio comercial de América Latina.
Un reporte de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal) publicado en 2019, previo a la actual pandemia, reveló el volumen que mueven los distintos puertos de la región. La terminal líder es Colón (Panamá) con un movimiento de 4’324.478 TEU (unidad equivalente a veinte pies). Le sigue la Zona Portuaria Santos (Brasil) con 3’836.487 TEU y Manzanillo (México) con un registro de 3’078.505 TEU.
La dinámica permanente de carga y descarga de bienes sensibles de alto valor y magnitud que ameritan un monitoreo riguroso, fuera de los diversos actores que participan en esta cadena diaria, deriva en cinco puntos centrales sobre la seguridad y eficiencia operacional de puertos marítimos:
- Control de acceso
- Control de evacuación
- Gestión de visitantes
- Gestión documental
- Gestión de la alimentación
A continuación, abordaremos brevemente cada uno de estos aspectos y qué solución podría resultar efectiva para un manejo integral de todos ellos.
Control de acceso en terminales portuarias
La Comunidad Andina en su guía de planificación nacional sobre seguridad portuaria establece la importancia de controlar el acceso físico a las instalaciones y la carga de los puertos marítimos de la región. Allí distingue una serie de amenazas o incidentes de seguridad esperados en la actividad marítima.
Entre los más destacados se encuentran el daño o destrucción de los activos críticos de la instalación portuaria, bien sea por la colocación de explosivos, incendio intencionado, sabotaje o vandalismo. Además, advierte del posible secuestro o captura de un buque o de personas a bordo, así como el acceso no autorizado de emigrantes ilegales o polizones y el uso de los buques para el contrabando de drogas o armamento.
Por eso, la misma Comunidad recomienda contar con un sistema de control de acceso en todos los puntos de entrada, zonas de depósito abiertas, depósitos autorizados de aduanas e inspeccionar la identificación de los operarios que ingresan.
Pero, ¿cómo estar en todos estos lugares al tiempo? ¿Habría que instalar un molinete en cada una de estas entradas? ¿Cómo automatizar ese proceso para evitar represamientos, más en las actuales circunstancias de pandemia? ¿Qué tal si tan solo con un dispositivo se validara al instante la autorización del personal respectivo, brindando toda la información requerida de su accionar en el lugar?
Control de evacuación
Fuera de lo anterior, los puertos marítimos no están exentos de posibles riesgos para el personal que trabaja en ellos. Nada más en 2017 se presentaron 2712 víctimas por incidentes portuarios en el mundo. Ese mismo año en un país como Chile se reportaron 173 accidentes a trabajadores marítimo portuarios, según la Dirección General del Territorio Marítimo y Marina Mercante de Chile (Directemar).
Las condiciones topográficas, naturales, tecnológicas y sociales pueden originar diferentes situaciones de emergencia. Bien sea la caída de elementos al agua, derrames de combustibles y sustancias contaminantes, incendio o explosiones, colisión, caída o debilitamiento de muelles, al igual que desastres naturales (sismos, vientos huracanados, inundaciones, etc.)
Cualquiera de estas situaciones conlleva la evacuación inmediata del personal. En medio del descontrol propio de la situación, se requiere contar con un control efectivo y rápido de las personas evacuadas y del personal ausente para aligerar toda acción de rescate de cualquier persona atrapada. Una solución móvil podría dar la maniobrabilidad requerida para ello.
Gestión de visitas
En relación con los puntos anteriores, se vuelve imprescindible contar con un registro de aquellos visitantes externos que accedan a los puertos marítimos. En caso de algún accidente en el lugar, es preciso verificar los permisos correspondientes y la operación que llevan a cabo dicho personal externo.
¿No sería un dolor de cabeza menos que este mismo personal pudiera auto registrarse a través de una plataforma móvil que facilitara la labor de las respectivas autoridades de vigilancia en el puerto y llevar un control más prolijo de su movilidad en la zona para concentrarse en otros puntos críticos?
Gestión documental
Aunado a lo anterior, se vuelve imprescindible blindar el acceso y la solidez de la información sobre las operaciones de carga y descarga en los puertos marítimos. La documentación de lo que va en cada contenedor, su origen y destino puede ser fundamental para evitar operaciones delictivas a través de empresas fachada y hacerle un seguimiento oportuno que apoye la labor de las autoridades portuarias.
Sería una medida más que eficiente llevar un manejo de todos estos datos, así como los documentos de cada contratista, de forma centralizada y alineada con plataformas de terceros. Esto aumentaría la confianza de todos los actores que participan en esta cadena de intercambio permanente.
Gestión de la alimentación
Finalmente, son varias las empresas encargadas de la alimentación de sus empleados en puertos marítimos. Con el ánimo de optimizar los recursos procuran reunir a todo el personal en espacios cerrados, con todo lo dispendioso de la logística y de las incomodidades, y aún más los riesgos de concentrar a un número disperso de personas en estos tiempos de pandemia.
Una solución móvil podría ahorrar toda gestión para llevar el respectivo almuerzo al puesto en que cada trabajador se encuentre. Ahora bien, ¿existe esa solución que integre tanto ello como cada uno de los puntos anteriores? Sí, Alutel Mobility cuenta con ella, y puedes conocer más de ella aquí.
Un reporte de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal) publicado en 2019, previo a la actual pandemia, reveló el volumen que mueven los distintos puertos de la región.
La importancia de controlar el acceso físico a las instalaciones y la carga de los puertos marítimos de la región. http://intranet.comunidadandina.org/Documentos/Reuniones/DFinales/SG_CAATA_XXIV_E_ACTA_Ax3.pdf
En un país como Chile se reportaron 173 accidentes a trabajadores marítimo portuarios, según la Dirección General del Territorio Marítimo y Marina Mercante de Chile (Directemar). https://www.directemar.cl/directemar/site/artic/20180627/asocfile/20180627083636/beal2017.pdf
ING. SERGIO MAZZONI
DIRECTOR DE VENTAS LATIN AMERICA
Mail: smazzoni@alutelmobility.com
Web: www.alutelmobility.com
Mobile: +54 911 6164 6503
VICTOR D. MERINO
DIRECTOR MÉXICO- AMÉRICA CENTRAL- CARIBE
Mail: vmerino@alutelmobility.com
Web: www.alutelmobility.com
+529995288813
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